An interesting commentary in NATURE
provides an overview of the concept that modern medicine should be seeking to
increase the ‘healthspan’ rather than addressing individual diseases one by
one. Since many diseases are linked to the gradual debilitation associated with
old age, the thought is that by blocking those degenerative changes overall
health, and perhaps even lifespan, will be enhanced.
Certainly studies in animals have begun to reveal the molecular
underpinnings of degeneration during ageing. Thus the mTOR signaling system,
telomerase, and damage mediated by free radical triggered inflammation are all
clearly important. Drugs such as rapamycin that affect the mTOR system have
been shown to extend lifetimes and ‘healthspans’ in animals. Despite this
progress at the laboratory level there are many obstacles to implementing these
concepts and approaches in clinical practice.
One is funding. Research on ageing per se receives a tiny fraction
of that received by cancer or cardiovascular disease research. Another is the
lack of good tools and models that would allow study of ageing processes in
animals in a manner parallel to the approaches used to evaluate ageing in
humans. Since ageing studies can obviously be of very long duration, good
surrogate markers would also be important. Finally our entire health care
system is set up to be disease and procedure oriented rather than focusing on
promoting the overall health of the individual.
http://www.nature.com/news/medical-research-treat-ageing-1.15585